Sociology and Criminal Justice (Evelina Sterling)
Reconceiving Infertility: Charting Changes in Policy, Capital, and Access regarding
Reproductive Medicine in the 21st Century
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With the first IVF baby born in 1978, the field of infertility has undergone profound transformations over the past 25 years, yet scholarly attention remains disproportionately focused on its origins in the 1970s-90s. While historical studies have addressed the early development of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) and their sociocultural implications, little research has captured the field鈥檚 rapid expansion and commercialization in the 21st century. This project seeks to fill that gap by examining the political, economic, and institutional forces that have reshaped infertility care in the U.S. since the early 2000s.
Our central focus is on how the political climate, particularly shifts in reproductive
policy, healthcare regulation, and state-level restrictions, has intersected with
the increasing influence of private equity and venture capital investment in the fertility
sector. Dozens of independent clinics have been consolidated under national brands,
and new corporate models are redefining the patient experience and the business of
reproduction. We aim to explore how these dynamics have altered access, affordability,
and ethics in infertility care.
Students will begin by conducting a landscape analysis of the infertility industry
from 2000 to the present, including:
- Mergers, acquisitions, and the rise of fertility conglomerates
- Changes in state and federal legislation affecting ART
- Growth of direct-to-consumer fertility services and global 鈥渇ertility tourism鈥
- The role of lobbying, corporate branding, and digital marketing in patient recruitment
Students will engage with a mix of archival materials, policy documents, trade press,
investor reports, social media, and interviews with clinicians and industry leaders
to understand how infertility is framed, sold, and experienced today. In doing so,
they will also gain skills in content analysis, qualitative coding, and basic policy
tracking.
The project is designed as a first phase in a broader line of inquiry, with the ultimate
goal of supporting major grant proposal proposals and innovative publications. Findings
from the research will help generate initial datasets, identify case studies, and
reveal key patterns in how infertility services have evolved under economic and political
pressures. We anticipate that this work will make a timely and important contribution
to medical sociology, bioethics, reproductive medicine, and health equity scholarship.
This project aligns with KSU鈥檚 commitment to high-impact practices, undergraduate research, and addressing pressing issues at the intersection of medicine, business, and social justice.
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This project is designed to foster meaningful student learning through hands-on engagement
with real-world sociological and public health research. First year students will
develop a wide range of academic, analytical, and professional skills that will serve
them throughout their college careers and beyond.
Research Skills:
Students will be introduced to core research methodologies including archival research,
content analysis, qualitative coding, and basic policy tracking. They will learn how
to formulate research questions, locate and evaluate primary and secondary sources
(e.g., articles, government policies, investor reports), and synthesize findings to
identify larger patterns and trends.
Critical Thinking and Analysis:
Students will engage in interpretive analysis of complex, interdisciplinary issues,
such as the commercialization of healthcare, equity in access to infertility services,
and the influence of political policy on reproductive health. They will learn to critically
assess how different stakeholders (e.g., clinics, private equity firms, lawmakers,
and patients) shape the infertility field.
Communication and Writing:
Students will develop written and oral communication skills by contributing to collaborative
research memos, reports, presentations, and possibly publications. Emphasis will be
placed on translating complex information into accessible, well-organized narratives
for both academic and public audiences.
Teamwork and Collaboration:
Students will work in research teams, learning to collaborate effectively, divide responsibilities, and support one another鈥檚 contributions. This fosters accountability, leadership, and interpersonal skills鈥攁ll essential for successful group work in academic and professional settings.
Professional and Ethical Development:
Through faculty mentorship and reflective thinking, students will explore research
ethics, data integrity, and responsible scholarship. They will also gain exposure
to the research process, including the development of proposals, funding considerations,
and the dissemination of results.
By the end of the project, students will have developed a foundational research toolkit
and a deeper understanding of the connections between reproductive health, policy,
economics, and equity.
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Each week, students will engage in structured research activities designed to gradually build their skills, contribute to the project鈥檚 goals, and foster collaboration. Weekly duties will combine independent work, group collaboration, and faculty-guided discussions. These activities will include:
Background
- Explore the history of infertility treatments and their social, political, and economic
context
- Read foundational articles and engage in guided discussion about the commercialization
of healthcare and reproductive technologies
- Receive training on research ethics, source evaluation, and citation practices
Topic Exploration and Research Design
- Identify specific research questions aligned with project themes (e.g., private equity
in fertility, state-level policy changes, marketing trends)
- Begin building a shared bibliography of relevant sources
- Participate in training on content analysis and qualitative coding techniques
Data Collection and Analysis
- Collect data from assigned sources (e.g., media coverage, clinic websites, legislative
databases, business reports)
- Code and analyze materials using structured templates provided by the faculty mentor
- Contribute findings to team research logs and begin identifying emerging themes and
patterns
Synthesis and Reflection
- Discuss key findings and draft brief summaries
- Participate in peer review and editing sessions to refine clarity and coherence
- Reflect on the research process, challenges faced, and lessons learned
Final Presentation and Dissemination
- Develop a final presentation to share findings with peers, faculty, campus stakeholders, and/or industry leaders (including the KSU Symposium of Student Scholars)
- Contribute to a written research brief or poster summarizing project insights
- Discuss next steps, including potential contributions to future grant proposals, publications,
and/or additional presentations
Throughout the project, students will meet weekly with the faculty mentor for guidance,
feedback, and skill-building workshops.
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Modality (Face-to-Face, Hybrid, Online)
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